The Industrial Revolution Of The Iron Mill By Rebecca...

The industrial revolution was a time of invention, progress and opportunity. However, there was also a darker side to it all. Rebecca Harding Davis, author of Life in the Iron Mills, tells the story of ironworker Hugh Wolfe from a first-person narrator’s point of view. This unnamed narrator of an unspecified gender is part of the more privileged class of society. This person resides in the house that the two protagonists of the story, Hugh and Debora Wolfe, used to live in. The higher-ups of this time had one mindset: there were two worlds society consisted of. Those that had money and were considered ‘civilized’, and the rest of the population, working tirelessly, hardly considered humans. These upper-class characters proposed this idea with a rational, persuasive manner. Davis’ purpose was to show the reader how wrong this view was and expose the evils within the industrial society while also promising a better future. I agree with her purpose, as todayà ¢â‚¬â„¢s society sees the industrial revolution as a very important piece to today’s modern world. This is true, and the industrial revolution had a huge impact on how our world operates and functions today, but the darker side of this time period, working conditions, and morality are generally never discussed. The story starts off with the narrator observing the people below from a window, bustling around a middle-class mill town. The narrator describes the poor quality of the town, smoke from the factories filling the sky andShow MoreRelatedEssay On Life In The Iron Mills1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe modern implications of class can be seen as a general word for groups or group distribution that has become more common. Rebecca Harding Davis’s short story Life in the Iron Mills, together with Raymond Williams’s entry Class delineates the oppressed lower class in a vivid and moving way, exemplifying the impact of social divisions on oppressed working labourers . Davis â€Å"embodies a grim, detailed portrayal of laboring life† (Pistelli 1) with an articulate correlation of Williams’s entry ClassRead MoreThe Reception And Influence Of Rebecca Harding Davis2118 Words   |  9 Pagesthe need to speak out for others, especially the lower classes. However, Rebecca Harding Davis observed the suffering of all humanity and decided to give everyone a voice through her writings. Throughout her career, Davis wrote an innumerable amount of works advocating for equal rights among all people, right up until her death in 1910. The following paper will analyze and discuss the reception and influence that Rebecca Harding Davis’s works of literary realism had on the hierarchy of society, in relationRead MoreThis essay is an analysis of the story the Life in the Iron Mills by Rebecca Harding Davis.1820 Words   |  8 PagesIn Life in the Iron Mills Rebecca Harding Davis reveals a growing industrial America in the nineteenth century, w here an unbelievable level of poverty and limited opportunities of achieving success can cause individuals to take extreme risks to attain a descent lifestyle. Through the novella, Davis illustrates the distinct differences between upper and lower class lifestyles. Immigrant workers, Debora (lovingly called Deb) and Hugh, take the reader to a time when people were used as productionRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesaffecting the feasibility of segmentation Approaches to segmentation The bases for segmentation Geographic and geodemographic techniques Demographic segmentation Behavioural segmentation Psychographic and lifestyle segmentation Approaches to segmenting industrial markets Market targeting Deciding on the breadth of market coverage Product positioning Summary 9 The formulation of strategy – 1: analysing the product portfolio 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 10 Learning objectives Introduction The developmentRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesStanley  M. Howe Professor in Leadership, Henry B. Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa; Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University; Lecturer, Charles University, Czech Republic, and Comenius University, Slovakia; Instructor, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Research: Dr. Judge’s primary research interests are in (1) personality, moods

The Picture Of Dorian Gray - 1393 Words

(HOOK) In Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, the theme of transformation is constant throughout the novel. Through the protagonist’s transformation, Oscar Wilde s novel is suggesting that the hedonistic life style, a life style where gaining pleasure is the main goal, may seem like it is a fun and wonderful way to live, however a person will slowly be corrupted if they live in that way . One has to take life into one’s own hands and choose the people to be around and what one will do with one’s time to stay pure and good. Throughout Wilde s novel, the protagonist, Dorian Gray, is influenced by his companion, Lord Henry, to lead a hedonistic way of life, and he slowly becomes more and more immoral and impure. His transformation is negative and it is caused by the large amounts of time he spends around Lord Henry and his corruptive ideas and philosophies. This negative transformation is easily seen by the other characters in the novel; however Dorian Gray does not see it himself until it is presented in front of his face. His negative transformation could have been turned into a positive transformation many times throughout the novel; however he does not choose to take his life into his own hands. Furthermore, Dorian Gray s transformation wasn t the only transformation in the novel; Painter Basil Hallward and actress Sybil Vane transform in different ways, while still conveying Oscar Wilde s idea that in order to stay pure and keep one’s life in control one mustShow MoreRelatedThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1482 Words   |  6 Pagesreturn give to the same story† (Foster 185-186). One book that is a part of Foster’s story is Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray. In this essay, Thomas Foster’s methods regarding both symbolism and  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬heart disease from his book, How to Read Literature Like a Professor will be discussed and applied to one of Oscar Wilde’s novels. Throughout his novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde uses the portrait of the young protagonist as a symbol of many things, one of them being a mirror. WildeRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesAs seems to be the theme of Oscar Wilde’s book, The picture of Dorian Gray, art an beauty are both the same, yet they are different. But how can this be? Well, beauty and art are intertwined the moment art is used to capture a sliver of pure beauty, in order to make that moment last forever. According to Lord Henry, â€Å" Yes, Mr. Gray, the gods have been good to you. But what the goods give can easily be taken away. You only have a few years in which to live really, perfectly, and fully† (Wilde Pg.Read MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1432 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde, we see how the different characters show their love of beauty and pleasure and the affects they have on the main character: Dorian Gray. Each of the three main characters, Basil Hallward, Lord Henry Wotton, and Dorian Gray portray a part of how the author felt about himself and the world around him. â€Å"Basil Hallward is what I think I am: Lord Henry what the world thinks of me: Dorian what I would like to be- in other ages, perhaps† (qtd. in Bloom pg. 117)Read MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1576 Words   |  7 PagesTransformation in Literature Greek Philosopher Heraclitus once said â€Å"There is nothing permanent except change†. In Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, the theme of transformation is constant throughout the novel; however it is not portrayed as something that is permanent. Through the protagonist’s transformation, Oscar Wilde s novel is suggesting that the hedonistic lifestyle, a lifestyle where gaining pleasure is the main goal of a person’s life, may seem like it is an exciting and wonderfulRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray965 Words   |  4 Pages When looking at Frankenstein and The Picture of Dorian Gray, it is clear that Frankenstein is a novel that can be placed into both the gothic and horror genre, although it is a gothic novel secondary to it being a horror novel; The picture of Dorian Gray isn’t so clear in this regard. On a first reading, one may assume the story to be gothic literature and only gothic literature because of the sheer amount of gothic characteristics and elements that the text presents that include, but are not limitedRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray957 Words   |  4 PagesWilde explores the theme of outsiders in his 1890 novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray. He infuses what it means to be an outsider in almost every character in the story. The most important of these characters are Dorian Gray, Henry, and Basil. Each show what it means to be an outsider in his own individual way; whether it is an outsider among society, among a group of friends, or from a person’s own self. The main character, Dorian Gray, possesses most attributes of being an outsider. The most obviousRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray971 Words   |  4 PagesIn Oscar Wilde’s Popular nineteenth century novel, the Picture of Dorian Gray demonstrates the importance of the aesthetic movement in Victorian England. This suggests youth and physical attractiveness is emphasized and are valuable additions to society. Therefore, what matters to Dorian, is not the internal goodness an individual possesses but the appearance they present. Consequently, Dorian is able to forget the violent acts he commits as long as he appears beautiful on the outside. Since externalRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1680 Words   |  7 PagesAt the height of his success, Oscar Wilde wrote his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, which follows the life of a young man living in late nineteenth-century London. The novel shares a similar storyline with that of Wilde’s life, as Wilde wrote it in attempt to justify his homosexuality. The protagonist of the novel, Dorian Gray, enters the story an innocent man, but eventually becomes corrupt due to his need for instant pleasure. Wilde recognizes that the topic of his homosexuality brings up theRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1211 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde warns against immorality, vanity and selfishness using his protagonist’s downfall to show the dangers of overindulgence and depravity. The preface is contradictory and reveals that Wilde’s beliefs on art and its ties to morality were inconsistent. He appears to be trying to show that we shouldn’t subscribe to just one clear ideal without questioning it or considering other opinions. However, it’s clear throughout the book that there is a strong moral ideologyRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1283 Words   |  6 PagesWhat does the fall of man, Oscar Wilde novel The Picture Of Dorian Gray, and Shakespeare’ s Macbeth all have in common? They all have the same theme of the fall of man and break in the perfect union they once where in. The novels all start with man in perfect union, then sin enters and chaos starts and it eventually leading to their death or downfall. The Fall of man, Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Wilde’s novel The Picture Of Dorian Gray tightly follow the archetype of the fall of man this is all illustrated

Sustainability & Social Considerations

Question: Describe and critically evaluate the initiatives undertaken by the case organisation to address environmental and/or social issues and the impact on supply chain operations. You are also required to provide recommendations for the organisation for a more effective sustainable supply chain. Answer: Introduction In the modern era, the advent of globalisation is considered to be one of the most of important concept for majority of the companies and for their development. It has also notified that with the advent of globalisation the competition within the business environment has been raised. Modern customers are now focusing towards receiving sustainable products as well as services from their preferred companies. In order to attract majority of the customers towards them, the companies are now paying utmost attention towards enhancing their operational process. In order to enhance their operational process majority of the companies are now paying attention towards the attaining sustainable growth (Verbeke, Vanhonacker, Sioen, Van Camp De Henauw, S., 2007). In order to attain sustainable growth in their operational process, most of the companies are now focusing towards conducting various CSR activities for enhancing their operational process. It has also noted that in the recent scenario majority of the companies has initiated to take proper initiatives towards focusing social consideration by reducing the pollution level (Giovannucci and Ponte, 2005). Majority of the environmental scientist are identified that the conduction of environmental pollution has been caused due to the lack of operational efficiencies within the organisation. Therefore, while managing sustainable working environment, the companies are focusing towards their supply chain management process. Simultaneously, in this particular study the main focus has been paid towards Starbucks, which is considered as one of the most famous coffee house around the world (Clift, 2007). The prime intention of the study is to highlights about the Supply Chain Management (SCM) process applied by Starbucks. Correspondingly, it also paid attention towards highlighting the sustainable initiatives adopted by Starbucks for attaining success. On the other hand, Starbucks is also paid utmost attention towards assessing the issues associated with the supply chain management process and its impact over the companys overall process. Description of the Sustainability Initiatives taken by Starbucks Starbucks is considered one of the famous global Coffee Companies that mainly deals in providing coffee delivery services. Likewise other global fast food retail chain based outlet, Starbucks has also expand its business outlets within various parts of the world. Starbucks is a coffee company not only serves its customers with high quality coffee but it also provides a great ambience for its customers (Dauvergne Lister, 2012). Moreover, in order to provide proper as well as adequate services to its customers the company has decided to bring large sets of changes in their operational process. In order to manage the quality of the products the company has decided to adopt new programme as well as practices it in its operational process. The adoption of Coffee and Farmer Equity (C.A.F.E.) practice programme is a primary approach of the company towards the sustainable development. The prime reason behind the adoption of this particular strategy is to enhance the product quality (Simpson , Power and Samson, 2007). Apart from this, the adoption of C.A.F.E. practice programme is also useful in managing economic development, environmental leadership as well as social development within the organisation. Apart from this, C.A.F.E. practice programme is also useful in maintaining economic transparency, social development through managing the quality of the product. This particular programmes are mainly includes the suppliers of the coffee and provide ranking system to them. This particular ranking system will enhances the quality of the products. Besides, it also enhances the activities of the company towards corporate social responsibility (CSR) for attaining sustainable development (Carter and Rogers, 2008). It has also notified that people belonging to that particular era are forcing majority of the companies, especially food production companies to paid utmost attention towards performing their social responsibility. This is quite beneficial for the Starbucks to add various advantages in their operational process. Apart from this, the company has adopted various other strategies related with sustainable approach and gain huge profitability in its business process. Apart from this, the recycling process along with waste reduction approach has also adopted by Starbucks during its working tenure. The waste reduction process is mainly recognised as an important strategy that could enable the company to attain huge success in their operational process (Reed and Wilkinson, 2005). Apart from this, recently the company is also paying attention towards converting the energy for reducing the carbon footprint. The outlets of the Starbucks are primarily responsible for creating carbon footprint up to 80%, which reduces the energy efficiencies in a systematic manner. With the implementation of energy efficiency practices majority of the company will be able to contribute in the sustainable development. Along with energy efficiency the water conservation is also played an important role behind developing the overall profit of the company (Seuring and Mller, 2008). It has also notified that Starbucks is not paying attention towards enhancing their operational strategies through unsustainable manner, but recently it has also paid heed upon sustainable development. Starbucks has also focuses towards enhancing their community based services for contributing towards the development within the society. In this regards, as a CSR activities the company has launched Planet Green Game, which is noted to be prime instant of the CSR related activities. With the help of Urban Coffee Opportunities the improvement in the employment condition has also been increased. It has also notified that through this particular process the discrimination that mainly observed will be performed efficiently (Blowfield, 2003). In the supply chain management process the sustainable approach has been involved by the Starbucks. Starbucks mainly performed their SCM process as per intentional basis for maintaining the overall quality of its coffee and other food products. Therefore, in this regard, the company has performed the fair trade system by introducing various programmes associated with community projects as well as farmer loan system. Apart from the advent of technical agronomic supports, organic as well as shades grown are also considered as one of the most important aspects (Perez-Aleman and Sandilands, 2008). Assessment of the issues and impact on the supply chain Issues in Starbucks Supply Chain Cost Delivering great coffee is quite hard, because it necessitates a strong supply chain. In order to maintain quality coffee with reasonable cost, Starbucks has to face pressure from rivals and the local government. Starbucks is popular for its premium quality, where other organisations such as Biggby and Kroger provides cheaper coffee or similar products with low cost. Starbucks can possibly lose customers owing to high prices of its products. Nevertheless, Starbucks provides quality coffee products which sophisticated in-store environment for extensive variety of customers (Krikorian, 2014). Sustainability Moreover, sustainability is another issue faced by Starbucks. The company uses considerable amount of water in order to clean the machineries such as coffee blenders and coffee makers and the raw met arils. Nevertheless, the organisation has made significant improvement in minimising water consumption in recent times. By applying high pressure to clean the coffee blender, rather than tap water, Starbucks can minimise the degree of water utilisation (McKinsey Company, 2016). Single Logistics System Starbucks have streamlined logistically across six continents. The raw materials are housed in regional distribution centres. There are five large distribution centres in the US among them two are possessed by the organisation itself, and other three are controlled by third party logistics organisation. With respect to foreign distribution, there are two large centres in Europe and two in Asia, which is run by Third Party Logistics Company. Starbucks require to constantly evaluate the effectiveness of the logistic system in order to maintain supply chain efficiency. There are four key aspects which required to be considered by Starbucks in order to maintain supply chain performance such as safe and secure operation, on time delivery of products, complete end-to-end supply chain expenses and enterprise saving (Starbucks Corporation, 2016). Green Supply Chain Starbucks attempts to balance supply chain demand with green and sustainable business practices, which comprise maintaining quality while purchasing sensibly grown and morally traded coffee. The organisational effort comprise responsible coffee purchasing, delivering farmer support services, farmer loan facilities and green conservation. The organisation also sets corporate social responsibility standards for the suppliers and cooperate with them in order to enhance the business practices. If issues appear with the suppliers, Starbucks stop doing business with them unless the issues are solved. In the year 2015, Starbucks has accomplished a landmark of 99% morally sourced coffee by its association with Conservation International, a US non-profit environmental institution. It is the outcome of Starbucks embed sustainable practices in sourcing structure (Starbucks Corporation. 2016). Globalisation One of the key issues facing by Starbucks is the minimisation of supply vain expenses. In order to satisfy the price expectations of customers, Starbucks require to relocate production to low cost nations. However, having international suppliers contributes significantly to the complexity which appears from lengthy delivery lead times. Most customers in various nations, not only prefer affordable prices, but also want the product on time (Geereddy, 2013). Customers Preferences The international supply chain is complex which is facilitated by content changing of customers preferences. Customers always put pressures on organisations to come up with new product or services. Innovation is vital for any organisation since it permits them to remain competitive in the industry, however it also bring challenge to the supply chain. In order to enhance the product performance, Starbucks need to redesign the supply network and satisfy the customers demand (University Alliance, 2016). Supplier Relationship Management It is equally vital for Starbucks to create, comprehend and follow commonly agreed principles to better understand existing performance and opportunities for development. At times, the differences in values, cultures and objectives create issues between the organisation and the suppliers which result in wastes of time and effort. In order to make the supply chain performance better, there is need to have trust between the business associates and to have better supplier and partners relationships (Berrios, 2014). Impact of the Issues on Supply Chain Economic Sensitivity Starbucks carved itself in the supreme quality segment in coffee industry which is characterised by high number sellers. The supply chain activity selected by Starbucks make the company to high priced premium products to the customers. Such market segment is favourable during economic growth and prosperity. However, Starbucks will face issues when economic face downturn or household income reduces.it will make customers to switch to low price alternatives. For example, Starbucks has faced a net loss during the economic recession of 2009. Its share performance fallen hand-in-hand with customer confidence during recessionary periods. During that time, many US consumers changed towards inexpensive substitutes, such as instant coffee and other inexpensive brand such as Dunkin. Other coffee making companies for example, Folgers and Nestle did well constantly during recessionary periods (Cooke, 2010). Coffee Price Coffee price volatility is another issue which can impact on the supply chain of Starbucks, even if the company hedge against price hikes. The movement of price and direction. Can influence on operational expenses of the organisation along with the profit margins. There are many aspects which lead to increase in coffee prices. For example, most of the coffee products for the company are sourced from South American and Asian nations. Instability in the national political environment in these nations can certainly impact on the coffee prices. Similarly, weak crop yield owing to weather can also increase the rate of coffee, depending on the level of damage (Benzaken, 2007). International Expansion Barriers International substitutes prevent Starbucks from obtaining strong market share. For instance, in Indian market Starbucks have associated with Tata group, with the anticipation of securing a stable supply chain in that market. Nevertheless, the middle income group consumers have not grown rapidly to accommodate the expenses of Starbucks products. There many customers who live on the money which is equivalent to one coffee product of Starbucks. On the other hand, the small tea vendors are more preferred by Indian masses who can effectively provide tea or coffee for only a portion of Starbucks product offering (Kasireddy et. al., 2012). Recommendations From the overall analysis, certain recommendations can be made with regard to the topic of the study which directly links with the manner in which the company can be able to conduct its business efficiently within the market. Starbucks as all known is one of the most widely recognised companies in the present day era. It can be termed as a market leader of the global coffee chain industry. However, there certain specific issues that has been identified in this particular study with regard to the operations of the company within the global marketplace. Correspondingly, it can be seen that the management of Starbucks has been dealing with key issues relevant to the environmental concerns along with the issues of logistics at large. In this context, certain key approaches can be identified with which the management of the company can be able to deal with the issues identified in social and environmental domain of the business along with reducing the issues of logistics associated with t he overall unit at large. Though Starbucks has been seeking to conduct its business operations mainly in a socially and environmentally responsible manner, still there are certain key issues that the management will need to overcome. In this regard, the management of the company will need to make sure that it is assuring maximum depth in the internal control of the business further ensuring that each of the business processes is not harming the overall environment and community in which conduct its business in. The company must also involve itself in new initiatives and campaigns regarding social responsibility and a step towards contributing positively to the external environment altogether. This can be done by the management of the company with regard to contributing to the community with regard to its pillars of social responsibility that further includes Community, Ethical Sourcing, and the Environment altogether. The company must need to ensure to ensure hygiene and nutritional value of the food or beverage that it is being offering to the customers in the market (Catka, 2004). This is also one of the primary means through which Starbucks could be able to attain its social and environmental goal to a considerable extent. This aspect will one way or the other will lead to the overall establishment of the CSR of the business. It can also be recommended that the company will need to improve its logistics operations as well as a part of its home delivery services in various markets of the world. This can be done by the management of the company through aligning business operations with some of the most notable logistics companies in various parts of the world. This will add to the service efficiency of the company (Dolcemascolo, 2006). It must also be depicted that the management of the company can be able to improve its overall supply chain management within the global marketplace since it relates with the service efficiency of the business in the long run. Hence, it is apparent that with these approaches, the management of the company can indeed be able to meet the demands of the customers in the most efficient manner altogether. Conclusion By reviewing the overall study, it could be identified that the Starbucks is one of the most famous coffee company around the world. The company is highly focusing towards enhancing its supply chain management process for gaining adequate prominences within the industry. In the global coffee market, the reports analysis over the respective industry the environmental pollution is considered to be a major issue for the company. In order to reduce the impact of global warming as well as carbon foot print the Starbucks has paid utmost attention towards its strategic development. In order to bring the strategic development the company is paying attention towards the sustainable development. The sustainable development has been able to reduce the impact of carbon footprint over the human supply chain management process of the company. Recently, the supply chain management of the company is intended to adopt the sustainable process for developing the sustainable approach within the organisa tion. The adaption of C.A.F.E. practice programme has also includes the suppliers of sustainable development and gain huge attention regarding the energy efficiency. Through the energy efficiency the company has also able to highlights the positive way that could enable them to reduce the environmental pollution. The carbon footprint reduction as well as water conservation is a part of the waste management and waste reduction process. In this regard, the waste management as well as waste reduction is also played an important part of recycling process. Therefore, it could also conclude that recycling process is important for achieving sustainable development efficiently. References Benzaken, T. S., 2007. Starbucks Responsible Sourcing: Social Guidelines From The Farm To The Coffeeshop. Berrios, D., 2014. Challenges in Supply Chain Management. University of Wisconsin System. Blowfield, M., 2003. Ethical supply chains in the cocoa, coffee and tea industries, Greener Management International, vol. 2003, no. 43, pp.14-24. Carter, C.R. and Rogers, D.S., 2008. A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 38, no. 5, pp.360-387. Catka, P. 2004. Implementing Effective Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance: A Framework. BSI British Standards Institution. Clift, R., 2007. Climate change and energy policy: the importance of sustainability arguments, Energy, vol. 32, no. 4, pp.262-268. Cooke, J. A., 2010. From bean to cup: How Starbucks transformed its supply chain. Dauvergne, P. Lister, J., 2012. Big brand sustainability: Governance prospects and environmental limits, Global Environmental Change, vol. 22, no. 1, pp.36-45. Dolcemascolo, D. 2006. Improving the Extended Value Stream: Lean for the Entire Supply Chain. CRC Press. Geereddy, N., 2013. Strategic Analysis Of Starbucks Corporation. Giovannucci, D. and Ponte, S., 2005. Standards as a new form of social contract? Sustainability initiatives in the coffee industry, Food Policy, vol. 30, no. 3, pp.284-301. Kasireddy, P., et. al., 2012. Starbucks Coffee Distribution Network. Krikorian, M., 2014. Business overview: Why Starbucks deserves your attention. Market Realist. McKinsey Company, 2016. The challenges ahead for supply chains: McKinsey Global Survey results. Perez-Aleman, P. and Sandilands, M., 2008. Building value at the top and the bottom of the global supply chain: MNC-NGO partnerships, California Management Review, vol. 51, no.1, pp.24-49. Reed, R.G. and Wilkinson, S.J., 2005. The increasing importance of sustainability for building ownership, Journal of Corporate Real Estate, vol. 7, no. 4, pp.339-350. Seuring, S. and Mller, M., 2008. From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 16, No. 15, pp.1699-1710.

Literature on Organizational Structure and Success - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Literature on Organizational Structure and Success. Answer: Introduction Organizational development is an important aspect of the organization that takes many factors into consideration. Many organizations require changes that account for the development of the organization. Many organizations are faced with expansion and growth challenges leading to underutilization and poor quality of services. Alfred Hospital ICU is an organization that faces many challenges that included strategic management, effective communication, training, and training. The organization, therefore, needs some changes especially on the management to factor in the changes and growth development. In addition, the organization needs to focus on mending its weaknesses and allowing growth characterized by proper utilization of resources. Therefore, there are some recommendations that need to be implemented to improve the organizational situation. Some of the key areas of improvement include the development of organizational strategy, organizational culture, and quality of services and s taff motivation among others. The following paper explores the organizational development with reference to Alfred Hospital ICU case. Alfred hospital had faces organizational development challenge that prompted the immediate development of strategies to solve the problem. The case has involved the hospital expansion that was due to many employees. Alfred Hospital ICU had 20 Intensivists, 39 doctors in training, over 400 nurses and some 20 support staff. These staffs provided a vast health care for many different health conditions that include national pediatric lung transplant program and State Services for heart lung temporary replacement and retrievals and many more specialized treatments. In addition, The Alfred is one of two centers providing State Services for adult trauma, HIV and bone marrow transplantation with a budget of more than $50M (Alfred Hospital Intensive Care Unit, 2014). These developments occurred rapidly without proper strategic plans leading to various challenges within the organization. The management of organizational change characterized with organizational mismanagement resulting into chaos between employees and the management of the organization. In addition, the organization focuses on offering care at the expense of organizational unity. In 2005, study shows that the hospital remained underutilized as compared to other smaller healthcare facilities at the time. The ICU unit of the organization failed to reach its obligation and this was also characterized by poor quality of the services offered by the hospital. In addition, most employees function as distinct without teamwork and uncoordinated with many work related challenges. These rendered the organization unsatisfactory and of poor leadership (Alfred Hospital Intensive Care Unit, 2014a). The organization lacks unifying culture that may foster unity and communication between employees. T hese challenges prompted the organization through trainees to develop various structures and strategies to reduce these problems. Problem and challenges confronting the organization There were some problems that affected the organization leading to underutilization of the facility and unrealized potentials. The organizational problems and challenges can be divided into employees issues, team problems, management or leadership and organizational development Firstly, the first problem was self-explanatory as the hospital expanded tremendously without a strategic plan. The organization is at the time lacked strategic components such as vision, mission, objectives and core value that could drive the organization forward. The primary challenge is that the organization faces were the inability to see the future through vision. This made the organization to lack focus and sense of direction. Moreover, lack of core value made the expansion and the larger number of staff present lack unity. The facility, therefore, was up-to no task with many trainee doctors remaining unutilized (Luthans Doh 2015). Lack of organizational culture is another problem that highly affected the organization. The organization lacked a well-documented culture that can bring the organization employees together connected to the management. The organization culture improves the business environment full of respect, relationship, and integrity and employee employment. Alfred Hospital ICU lack culture that unites the organization towards goals (Flamholtz Randle, 2014). The problem was that the organization had various staffs that were not united and exhibited low teamwork. Another key problem that was realized within the organization was lack of unity among practitioners with that made most of them remains distinct and unconnected from others. This is a serious issue with the facility that is highly specialized an performed highly regarded care and treatments. This is also caused by lack of the leadership skills that are required to unite those employees. This was a challenge that caused a prominent facility fail to reach its full potential. The consequent was poor quality and lack of stature both within the organization and outside the organization (Sullivan, 2010). Thirdly, poor work attitude that highly affected health practitioners under training within the hospital. The poor attitude that results from disunity lowers the quality of care offered to the customer within the organization. Moreover, the organization had limited management capabilities that can show leadership among the trainee doctors leading to low service offered. Specialized treatments such as heart lung transplantation require multidisciplinary teamwork and without unity among employees, there is the possibility of poor quality of treatment. This was the situation within the Alfred Hospital ICU, a specialized care facility with greater potential and human resource (Western, 2010). Strategic management problems Lack of quality management framework was another problem that the organization faces. As the organization expands and show high potential the organization lack the quality management framework that can regulate the standard of care offered to patients. This is also coupled with lack of risk management strategy that can assess the risk resulting from the expansion and development of the organization. Despite the regulation of healthcare within Australia, Alfred Hospital ICU shows no proper laid down the procedure for inspecting and managing the quality of services within the organization (Little, 2014). The organization has some many different strength that can make the organization to perform within the healthcare sector of Australia. Firstly, the organization has necessary resources that have high potential when properly utilized. Secondly, the organization has human resource capability that is good for the business and this is exhibited by the many nursing officers, trainee doctors, and support staffs. Strength of the organization is also based on technological capabilities (Skelsey, 2013). The organization also equality have weaknesses that have the potential of reducing the performance of the organization. Firstly, the organization lacks a proper strategic plan that copes up with the organizational improvement. The organization increases in size and resources without a good sense of direction and this is dangerous as it increases the chance of underutilization. Secondly, another weakness of the organization is based on the management as it shows no leadership that can organize employees (Mesly, 2017). The organization has numerous opportunities that can be harness for the betterment of the organization. Firstly, the organization has human resources that show high potential if properly utilized to provide health care services. Secondly, the organization has the opportunity to use the vast resources in the organization and this can help the organization to get more clients and profitable. Thirdly, the organization offer specialized care that is highly in demand and this can help the organization to expands or grow. The organization also has a new niche that is characterized by few industry players (Lim, 2017). The organization also has various threats that are both internally or externally. Firstly, lack of leadership and management is a threat as it makes the organization provides low quality of services characterized by underutilization of these resources. Secondly, the hospital has underutilized resources especially human resources that remain underutilized. Thirdly, disunity of an employee within the organization makes the quality of the services provided low and challenge (Mesly, 2017). Recommendations for improvement within Alfred Hospital ICU In light of the challenges and problems that the organization there are many different recommendations that the organization needs to implement within the organization. Tied with these recommendations are the justifications that give the reasons for implementation of these recommendations. These recommendations can be grouped into various categories and discussed at length. The organization needs to develop a good strategic plan that has various components such as vision, mission, values, strategy, and objectives. Firstly, the business needs to develop a vision of the business that gives the direction and the expected growth strategy. The vision for the organization gives the ultimate goal where the organization needs to reach. Vision carry the aspiration and goals of the ICU the organization intends to do within the healthcare system. Secondly, the organization needs to come up with core values that can reduce the disunity as this will improve the organizational culture. The values lead the organization into the unity since it determines the organization behavior. Thirdly, the mission statement is also important as it gives the business what it's up to in the business. The hospital mission will help the organization to explain the main activities. Fourthly, the organization needs to develop the business strategy that when combined with vision look into the future. In addition, the organization has to develop objectives or goals that the management craves to achieve in business (Aubrey, 2015). Organizational structure is another area that needs to be developed within the organization. The organization lacked the proper organizational structure that factor in various management issues and employees. A good organizational structure considers various internal and external business factors. For instance, the organizational structure has the potential of improving interpersonal communication and coordination. The organization implementing organizational structure will also help in involving employees and trainees in management. Another example of the organizational structure that can be used in organization is functional structure or matrix structure that involves more than on culture. Organizational structure that also includes employee and trainees within the management will help increase profitability of the organization (Dean, 2009). Organizational behavior Effective communication is another area that the organization needs to focus on. Organizational need to develop communication framework that factor in the unity of the employee especially during multidisciplinary is important for the organization development. The teamwork required a good communication strategy that coordinates activities with the health care. In addition, good communication is coupled with quality leadership that can unite all business employees within the organization. Effective communication enables the business to build its reputation through external communication. Effective communication based on the organizational structure assist employees to connect with external stakeholders (Hartnell, Ou Kinicki, 2011). Alfred Hospital ICU needs to develop an organizational culture that is characterized by organizational development. The organizational culture enables the organization to leave in harmony. In addition, the organizational culture determines the behavior of the employees and their relationship with each other. The organization culture makes employees feel connected and geared toward the organizational goals and objectives. As the organization focus on organization culture, development will be based on the culture of the organization. Some aspect of the organizational culture includes organizational communication and core values. These aspects of organization enable the employees to view each other as colleagues with a similar goal in the organization. This is essential in unity among employees especially during teamwork or multidisciplinary care service (Flamholtz Randle, 2011). Organizational development The organization needs to develop a good management framework that shows leadership. The organization needs to come up with the management framework that has leadership as this will solve the disunity issues of the organization. Moreover, the organization should come up with management structure such as a functional structure that gives various department management required. The organization also needs to implement management structure that brings harmony to the organization without causing disunity among health employees. In addition, the organization management framework that focuses on organizational development and expansion (Bennett Wayne, 2013). Development of employee motivation needs to be implemented in Alfred Hospital ICU to improve employee engagement. Rewards are some of the motivation that can drive employees to work together and with morale. As evidence from the case study, the organization lacks proper motivational strategy that can encourage employees to work with the morale. Motivated employees work better and offer quality services and this requires proper management strategies that work towards improvement. Therefore, the organization needs to come up this management strategy with the view to increase the organizational development (Zhang, 2009). Training of employees is another important area that also helps the organization reach business obligations. Firstly, the organizational training is needed within the organization to foster unity and teamwork approach. Organizational training is important for instilling the organizational culture that makes the organization remains united and focus. Secondly, the organization training that focuses on reforming the business aspect of the organization in order increase profitability. In addition, the organization changes need to be known to the employees within the organization. For instance, training assists employees with organizational core values that help them reach goals working together. Training also helps employees to work together with understanding and build a relationship with each other (Lim, 2017). Quality management framework needs to be developed in the organization that will ensure that the quality of service is higher. The organization needs to come up with quality management that works to improve the quality of the healthcare services. In addition, the organization should work to reduce all the factors that may result in risk within the organization. Quality management strategies offer the best practice that can help restore the reputation of the organization. Quality management is critical for organizational positioning that increases the brand reputation in the healthcare industry of Australia (Jex Britt, 2008). Despites the challenges and the problems that the organization faced, the Alfred Hospital ICU through various collaboration with Intensivists saw the problems and devised a plan that would work toward a better hospital management and this also resulted into development of strategies and structure of management. At the end the organization, is currently one of the best organization in management of organizational development and change. In addition, the organization received an award for being the best organization offering specialized care in 2014. Currently, Alfred Hospital ICU is one of the recognized organization with quality health care services throughout Australia (Alfred Hospital ICU, 2014). Conclusion In conclusion, organizational development is an important aspect of an organization that focuses on expansion and strategic management. As an organization, Alfred Hospital ICU faces many different organizational challenges that required improvement and development of strategic management. Some of the problems that the organization faces include lack of organizational communications, strategic planning, and management, lack of organizational culture, lack of quality management framework, lack of motivation framework and poor work attitude. The organization has its own strength and weaknesses that have an impact on the organization management. The organization needs to come up with the strategic plan, motivation framework, develop organization culture, quality improvement strategies and organizational training. The organization has a high potential for improvement in terms of business organization and quality of services. References Aubrey, B. (2015). The Measure of Man: Leading Human Development. McGraw Hill Education. Alfred Hospital Intensive Care Unit, (2014). The Alfred ICU won the Wayne Cascio award for organizational change and development. Retrieved from: https://www.alfredicu.org.au/assets/Miscellaneous-Downloads/Wayne-Cascio-Award-for-Organisational-Change-Development.pdf Alfred Hospital Intensive Care Unit (2014a). Organizational development and change. Retrieved from: https://alfredicu.org.au/ Bennett, J. L. Wayne B.M. (2013). Coaching for Change. Routledge. p.172. Dean, C. (2009). RIMER Managing Successful Change. Australia: Uniforte Pty Ltd. Retrieved from: https://www.uniforte.com.au/ Flamholtz, E.G. Randle, Y. (2011). Corporate Culture: The Ultimate Strategic Advantage, Stanford University Press, Stanford California, pp. 56 and 2627. Flamholtz, E. Randle Y. (2014). Implications of organizational Life Cycles for Corporate Culture and Climate, Chapter 13 in B. Schneider and K. Barbera, The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Climate and Culture, Oxford Library of psychology, Oxford university press, 2014, pp. 235265. Hartnell, C. A., Ou, A. Y., Kinicki, A. (2011). Organizational Culture and Organizational Effectiveness: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Competing Values Framework's Theoretical Suppositions. Journal of Applied Psychology (online publication). doi:10.1037/a0021987 Jex, S. Britt, T. (2008). Organizational psychology: A scientist-practitioner approach. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley. Lim, M. (2017). Examining the literature on organizational structure and success. College Mirror, 43 (1):16-18. Retrieved from: https://www.cfps.org.sg/publications/the-college-mirror/article/1098 Little, J. (2014). Lean Change Management: Innovative Practices For Managing Organizational Change. Happy Melly Express. Luthans, F. Doh J. P. (2015). International Management, Culture, Strategy, and Behavior (9th ed.). Mc Graw Hill Mesly, O. (2017). Project feasibility Tools for uncovering points of vulnerability. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 546 pages, 9 Sullivan, R. (2010). Practicing Organization Development: A Guide for Leading Change, Jossey Bass. Skelsey, D. (2013). Why Do People In Business Resist Change? Project Laneway. Retrieved from https://www.project-laneways.com.au/blog/articles/_thread_/why-do-people-in-business-resist-change. Western, S. (2010). What do we mean by Organizational Development, Krakow: Krakow: Advisio Press. Retrieve from: https://www.advisio.biz/en/wiedza/what-do-we-mean-by-organizational-development,26.html Zhang, X. (2009). Values, Expectations, Ad Hoc Rules, and Culture Emergence in International Cross-Cultural Management Contexts. New York: Nova Science Publishers.

Analysis of a Start

Analysis of a Start Introduction Technological innovations have influenced the manner in which people operate from roads to their offices. The rapid growth of technology seems to influence even the automotive and transport industry (Akhilesh 2013).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis of a Start-up Lyft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whereas several businesses and innovative ventures are emerging each day in the modern world, uniqueness and exclusivity are becoming an important factor in the growth and development of modern businesses (Osterwalder Pigneur 2013). Innovators regularly come up with new ideas, but their innovations rarely capture the market and consumers, and hence, they slowly plummet, because they fail to receive the expected adoption. With the changing trends in consumer preferences, competent businesses are emerging with tantalizing business models and products, and thus new technologies have found it un easy to penetrate the already explored markets (Louise 2013). A starting technology meets many challenges and fears among financiers over the emerging technological businesses, as they are normally unsure of its future commencement. Fundamental to such notions, this research provides a professional analysis of a start-up tech venture known as Lyft. Description of the Venture Lyft is a modern and privately owned tech venture that emerged through innovations in the cab transportation company, and it is currently gaining extensive support and fame across the American roads (Lyft 2014). Initiated during the summer of 2012, two innovators John Zimmer and Logan Green began the transport business and named it Zimride to offer passengers peer-to-peer ride sharing experiences (Lyft 2014).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Zimmer and Green developed the Lyft transport system with a dream of enabling passengers save money, avoid congested city traffic, and bring communities together through rideshare transport program (Lyft 2014). The cabs form a system of transport network with the company affording to connect and match drivers with passengers, who have requested for a cab ride through the Lyft Android and iPhone mobile applications. Lyft promotes the venture by encouraging passengers to influence their friend to sign up and reward them with $25 on the subsequent ride. Using Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and background checks, Lyft screens drivers to assess their credibility and driving record standards in a stricter manner than the traditional taxis (Lyft 2014). Lyft taxis are unique because they receive voluntary donations from passengers, unlike traditional taxis that rely on cash payments. Deposited weekly into their bank accounts, these community drivers receive approximately 80% of the total donations that passengers voluntarily produ ce (Lyft 2014). Independent community drivers must have personal cars in good working condition and must possess Android phones or iPhone connected to passengers via the mobile applications. Business Model Canvas for the Venture In undertaking the professional analysis of Lyft as a new venture in America, this research paper uses the business model canvas to carry out the business analysis process.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis of a Start-up Lyft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business model canvas is a modern form of the strategic entrepreneurial and management tool that allows businesspersons to challenge, design, describe, or even formulate and support their businesses (Manzano 2012). Business canvas model has several elements that help businesspersons to describe and analyze a business system. It encompasses an appraisal of business partners, key activities, key resources, value proposition s, customer relationships, business channels, revenue streams, customer segments, and the cost structure. Key Partners The key partners of Lyft business innovation are the core members, including the founder, John Zimmer, who oversees overall operations and progress, Amy Fox, who is in charge of partnership development, business counselor, Beth Stevens (Lyft 2014). Corey Owens is responsible for maintaining public policy, Bill Vainisi is the vice president, and deputy general counsel, Kedar Deshpande, is responsible for strategic initiatives, while Marzia Zafaris is the director of planning and policy (Lyft 2014). The community drivers, Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), insurance agencies and companies, and the passengers are also important partners of Lyft. Key Activities Lyft undertakes numerous activities to ensure the rideshare program becomes effective. The main activity is to provide efficient and cheap transport of passengers and building an effective rideshare community (L yft 2014). Lyft connects drivers and passengers technologically using Android and iPhone applications. The company collaborates with insurance companies and the Department of Motor Vehicles to enhance transportation safety (Lyft 2014).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lyft ensures that they scrutinize drivers through background checks and analyzing driving record standards, uses technological app feedback to analyze driver rating by passengers, and ensures an active the $1,000,000 excess insurance program. Key Resources For the rideshare program to be effective, Lyft has been relying on numerous important assets and human resources. Human resources that are valued the most are the skilled drivers. The most important assets in the business are cars for taking passengers around designated locations (Lyft 2014). Lyft Transportation Company requires the Smartphones, especially Android phones, tablets, and iPhones that can support mobile applications, which connect drivers with passengers (Lyft 2014). Smartphones must have the independent Lyft applications installed as one of the most important recourses that the passengers use to invite friends, co-workers, and relatives. Value Propositions The intention of Lyft is large and unique in nature. Lyft ai ms at leveraging passengers to use charitable free lifts enable them to avoid pedestal walls that expose them to carbon inhalation, and finally bring unity among communities (Lyft 2014). Lyft business program aims at providing affordable, convenient rideshares, and improving the road safety through proper screening of credibility of drivers using criminal and background checks (Lyft 2014). Therefore, Lyft aims at reducing cost and risk of travel, while enhancing credibility of drivers and improving transit convenience for the passengers. Customer Relationships Lyft has a unique customer-business relationship that hinges upon trust as one of the most important virtues between the two actors, and it is useful for the emerging peer economy (Lyft 2014). Customers do not pay directly during service delivery, but willing donors send their contributions to the company after receiving free rides (Lyft 2014). Customers expect the taxi drivers to remain genuine during the offering of rides, a s the Lyft principles require them, but not make any cash payments during the free rides. Business Channels The mobile phone technology in Lyft is an important innovation as it builds the central business channel (Lyft 2014). Customers remain connected through the Lyft mobile applications that act as the platform for social connection. The Smartphones connect customers and drivers, and thus provide a means of enabling Lyft to assess the credibility of community drivers through a rating of 1 out of five rides scale (Lyft 2014). Passengers capable of bringing friends to free ride get $25 free credit for the next ride. Revenue Streams Revenue streams involve means of generating income within the business. The Lyft free rideshare program has ensured satisfaction among customers and since the payment is voluntary donation, the passengers are of different economic class and capable of giving higher amounts than from direct service charges (Lyft 2014). The voluntary community contribution exceeds what ordinary taxis generate through direct service charges, as passengers give based on their willingness and financial abilities (Lyft 2014). Customer Segments Each business, according to economists, has its own customer segment (Osterwalder Pigneur 2013). Lyft has a business customer segment that focuses on the niche business platform, as it targets specifically the passengers. In the niche market, business relationships between consumers and service or goods providers rely solely on the specific necessities of the positioned market (Osterwalder Pigneur 2013). Lyft focuses on developing the passenger community and providing them with affordable and reliable taxi transport system. The Cost Structure Cost structure in business model canvas is the cost incurred in running the business model. Lyft business model seeks to eliminate the notion of pay service in the taxi transport network, as its most important duty is to make city rides cost-effective to passengers (Lyft 2014 ). The cost structure of the business model is therefore variable, as the service. The provision does not rely on fixed payments, but relies on the voluntary community donations prior to free peer-to-peer rideshare service. The donations vary depending on individual donors. Table 1: The Business Model Canvas Key Partners Founder John Zimmer, Logan Green, Corey Owens, others Community Lyft drivers DMV and insurance companies Key Activities Free rides Driver screening Partnering with insurances Value proposition charitable free lifts safe driving suitable driving protecting passengers form carbon cost effective rides Customer Relationships Communities Trust Understanding Honesty Customer Segments Niche business platform Concerned particularly with passengers Key resources Human resources Capital resources Cars and vans Channels Phone apps Technology Cost Structure Variable and unpredictable as it entails donations Revenue Streams Brokerage fees, Advertising a nd Negotiation SWOT Analysis for the Venture SWOT, which is a renowned business analysis tool, stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, and assesses the entrepreneurial model of a business system (Dyson 2004). Fundamentally, SWOT analyzes capabilities, limitations, chances, and risks that businesses experience. This section of the term paper presents a professional assessment of Lyft business system using the SWOT analysis tool. Strengths of Lyft Tech Venture The main strength of Lyft tech venture is that it serves on a unique and modernized business system that relies on simple mobile phone technology, which connects targeted consumers and drivers. As the use of Smartphones is increasing and their demand is very high, it provides a platform for Lyft to flourish. The Lyft mobile applications rooted in modern and trendy Smartphones enable consumers to enjoy easy communication, connection, convenience, and reliability with service providers. Lyft is a modern te chnology business that also understands the aspect of sociability in the business. Weaknesses of Lyft Tech Venture The foremost weakness that is likely to hamper a smooth development of the Lyft technology venture is dishonesty. Many passengers that may require the rideshare program are youngsters, whose capacity to give voluntary donations remain limited. Due to such notions, the future of the technology venture relies on donations to pay community drivers. Since youths and teenagers may misuse the joy rides, the venture may suffer financial constraints as the misuse hampers its sustainability. Opportunities of Lyft Tech Venture A young technology venture with great innovative ideas has great advancement opportunities. As the business model is still young, the ideas are fresh in the market, involve active and youthful population, it has many opportunities in technology markets, which seem underexploited. The cost-effective approach tailored to community may assist to generate enorm ous market fame and substantial consumer reputation, which may support its future progress in other potential markets. Moreover, Smartphones are increasingly becoming valuable and its consumption is rising. Threats to the Lyft Tech Venture Technology is ever changing because Smartphones appeared has just appeared in the markets, while iPhone and Androids may vanish as technology transforms. The modern technology is also prone to piracy since strict regulations are not in place to handle copyright infringements. Competition is a significant threat to the success and progress of Lyft, as several taxi companies in the transport system are emerging. As consumers familiarize with modern technologies and Smartphone applications are easy to make, too much reliance on the Smartphone and mobile apps may raise security issues in future. Analysis of the Ventures Team Lyft emerged following innovations of two John Zimmer and Logan Green who are the core founders of the Zimride business program. However, Lyft has an advanced venture team of more than ten members, but the five main members comprise: John Zimmer and Logan Green- Co-founders of Lyft Amy Fox- responsible for partnership development in Lyft Beth Stevens- acts as general counsel of Sidecar Corey Owens- works for public policy in Uber Bill Vainisi- acts as the Senior Vice President at Allstate Insurance John Zimmer and Logan Green John Zimmer is a resident of San Francisco and the co-founder of Zimride program. Zimmer went to Cornell University, an institution renowned for intellectual development and broad research and developing innovative future leaders (Zimride 2008). He had once worked with Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc, a financial company that offered global financial-services and investment banking until when it went bankrupt in 2008. Logan Green is also the co-founder of Zimride. Logan Green graduated at university of California at Santa Barbara and has once worked as a sustainability coordinator at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) and a board member of Santa Barbara Metropolitan Transit District (Zimride 2008). Green had a high motivation in the transportation industry. Logan grew up within Southern California and frequently spent most of his time stuck in heavy traffic that always insinuated him. Logan noticed the rising demand for ridesharing program as at the same time annoyed by the empty cabs and people walking on foot (Zimride 2008). Out of his inspiration to change transportation system, Logan Greene began the Zimride in 2007, when he launched his first car-share program around Santa Barbra. Following the successful adoption and integration of the Zimride, a Business week program recognized Logan Green as Top 25 Entrepreneurs in business economics from the Santa Barbara region (Zimride 2008). Being a Lyft driver, Logan Green has had a dream of transforming the world transport system through 80% achievement of the Zimride. Conclusion and Recommendations fo r Crossing the Chasm Conclusively, following an increase in risks associated with venturing in new business innovations, it is increasing becoming uneasy for financiers from topmost venture capital companies to fund these new businesses without proof of future progression. An emergent innovation must show proof that the technology will get a market reputation (Warford 2004). After a proper analysis of Lyft tech venture using business model canvas and the SWOT assessment tools, Lyft venture has to do much to ensure diffusion of innovation of the emergent Zimride program. Target Customer Although the Zimride and the Lyft tech venture have targeted the most diverse and needy market that is the transport industry, members should remain cautious about the preference and abilities of the targeted consumers (Louise 2013). From an analytical view, peer-to-peer rideshare may involve the youthful population that is incapable of providing donations that are imperative for paying Lyft community drivers. Teenagers may enjoy the riding offered, and therefore, change of policies may be necessary. Compelling reason to buy The global traffic industry is ever growing as few individuals can afford personal cars even to date. Offering free rides to the needy travelers daily across the cities makes Zimride a unique business venture that may survive for quite some decades. The population of America is swelling with many medium class individuals seeking jobs in towns and cities, but unable to afford personal rides. To improve trust to the Zimride, certain payment standards should prevail to discourage joy riders. Competition Zimride has provided the best solution to passengers, who experience inconvenience from the costly pay cab drivers. Just as people have adopted and exhausted other technologies, the same technological innovation may undergo manipulation to design a different innovation, as Americans are still technologically suave (Zimride 2008). People may fear ridesharing with people they are unfamiliar with and this may provide a chance for new tech businesses to take over the transit system. Partners and allies The Zimride program has already started receiving external support and donors. The relationship with other independent companies is increasing. However, Zimride and other supportive programs may not have the capacity to continue influencing people to use their personal highly valued cars for the Zimride program. Zimride requires highly moral drivers who cannot ask for cash payments to take people for the peer-to-peer riding privileges. To ensure smooth progress, Lyft and Zimride program must strengthen its operational policies. References Akhilesh, K 2013, Emerging Dimensions of Technology Management, Springer, London. Dyson, R 2004, ‘Strategic development and SWOT analysis at the University of Warwick’, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 152, no. 3, pp. 631–640. Louise, M 2013, ‘A knowledge exchange and dif fusion of innovation (KEDI) model for primary production’, British Food Journal, vol. 115, no. 4, pp. 614-631. Lyft: Providence: Warm, Fuzzy Rides Coming Your Way 2014. Web. Manzano, G, Ayala, J, Castresana, J, Parras, M 2012 ‘Factors Affecting the Growth of New Firms: A Multidisciplinary Perspective’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 46, no. 4, pp.16-20. Osterwalder, A Pigneur, Y 2013, Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers, John Wiley Sons, London. Warford, M 2004, ‘Testing a Diffusion of Innovations in Education Model (DIEM)’, The Innovation Journal, vol.10, no.3, pp.1-41. Zimride: A carpool community 2008. Web.

Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essays

Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essays Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay In psychology and education, learning is commonly defined as a process that brings together cognitive, behaviour and Humanists elements. This assignment shows the concept of the relevant theories and principles of learning and communication; select and critically analysed of how I plan to deliver these strategies in my own teaching; and reflect on the impact that these insights have had on my own practice and professional development. What is the definition of theory? To me theory is something which is explained to you, a system of ideas intended to explain something, one based on general overview. A definition of principles, to me is to be opinionated on how I feel towards chosen topic. Geoff Petty (2009) states that, `every teacher and every learner has a theory about learning. ’ To able to conclude my own theories and principles on planning and enabling learning I need to learn what is accepted to others. Research I understand there are many different theories relating to teaching and learning. Those that I have looked at are Behaviourist, Cognitive and Humanists elements. These are not new concepts. Although that some of these theorists are descended their work is still use into practices. Behaviourism is primarily associated with Pavlov (classical conditioning) in Russia; and with Thorndike, Watson and particularly Skinner in the United States (operant conditioning). In educational surroundings, behaviourism implies the dominance of the teacher, as in behaviour modification programmes. It can, however, be applied to an understanding of unintended learning. Classical conditioning in its simplest form is a type of conditioning associates by an external stimulus; in Pavlov original experiment this was a bell, with the arrival of a second stimulus which was the food, this resulted in a response to the bell which would have been achieved previously by the food. Frederic Skinner’s work was influenced by Pavlov’s experiment and the ideas of John Watson, father of behaviourism. His interest in stimulus-response of how humans reacted to various situations became fascinating. Skinner developed teaching machines, so students could learn, uncovering answers for an immediate â€Å"reward†. Humanistic, humanism and humanist are terms in psychology relating to an approach which studies the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual by emphasizing the study of the person overall. This behaviour clarifies the ability of learners to respond to the lesson. John Holt, How Children Fail (1964) states that â€Å"the school system could destroy the minds and emotions of young children. His blistering attack accused schools of inducing fear in pupils, and humiliating, ridiculing and devaluing them† This is a very generalised point of view due, to the fact that Holt is tarnishing all schools with the same reputation. However, it is important not to completely dismiss his views, as the point he makes about fear of failure is something we must be aware of in our teaching. In another humanistic approach which also fits within the humanistic spectrum is that proposed by Malcolm Knowles (1913-1977) his studies focus on adult education which was formed in 1946. Formal programs were for those sponsored by educational institutions, such as universities, high and trade schools in America. He implemented that adult education was pointed to the friendly and informal surroundings. This enhanced adult learners to take more responsibility for their destiny as they mature through the learning process. Cognitive learning theory is about how to learn rather than what to learn i. e. how to write a report, how to recall specific facts, how to use learning to solve problems or be creative. Cognitivism is â€Å"the psychology of learning which emphasizes on how we think and gain knowledge. Theorists are intrigued and want to understand how problem solving changes throughout childhood, how cultural differences affect the way we view our own achievements, language development. Theories such as Jerome Bruner (1915) and Lev Vygostsky (1896) expressed the view that `expository teaching’ deprived learners of the chance to think for them, however Vygostsky approach `Zone of proximal development’ focused on the concept that what a learner could do today with they could do alone tomorrow. The behaviourist approach can encourage me to understand what motivates my learners and to challenge them on what goals they wish to achieve through their learning. These techniques can influence and can allow me to shape and enhance my learners into behaving in an acceptable way through Skinner’s theory of `Positive or Negative Reinforcement’. As a research a bi product of this will develop my learner way of analysing. This encourages a comfortable learning environment for all learners. Negative reinforces are ones that increase the chance that a behaviour will occur when it is removed. Punishments are events that decrease the frequency of behaviour that it follows (Skinner, 2003) Take the learner in the classroom that ontinually talk s to his neighbour; it reinforces his behaviour to continue, but if the teacher punishes him by having him stand up in front of the whole class and apologies, he will be more likely to refrain on talking again. Skinner believes that behaviour could be altered by using positive and negative types of reinforcement. Remember negative reinforcement is not punishment. If I have not covered everything on t he original lesson plan, learning can however be measured making assessment and planning for next session easier. By constantly revisiting certain topics and using Question and Answers learners have an understanding on what they are learning and why. This would not be the case for all, based on behaviour modification there are also disadvantages to this approach. Repetitive learning may encourage some learners to remember information but it doesn’t necessary mean they have understood the concept. Some learners will not be confident to admit this and just produced the required answers without knowing how they got to the answers. How do we include rewards and why the reason for them? As a teacher I tried to implement these when suitable for all learners. If this is not done then the whole process will become confusing and motivation will be lost. This theory can tend to lead myself towards the `pedagogical approach to learning’. As covering that the Humanistic approach is relied for individuals to explore their own interest and curiosities this will assure them to grow into fully functioning, self-trusting, and independent people. All individuals are unique and have an inborn drive to achieve their maximum potential. This I can relate too with the learners that I teach, once they have discovered their own personality this will generally relate to their chosen career options this will give learners to have free will in the learning experience and can effect on the change of their knowledge. I use the Humanistic approach to learning within my classroom as practical is a massive contribute to my teaching. Carl Rogers, in freedom to learn (1969) states that self-directed learning delivers the considerable educational advantages of independent learning. Advantages which I find to this are that by meeting learners needs, each learner will feel valued and respected. This will help build up a level of trust between the learner and teacher resulting to excellent communication. When planning and delivering lessons, I include various activities to allow this to happen. At the end of each lesson I find that group discussions give the learners freedom to induce new ideas and to listen to their peers opinions. This gives them the tools to feel empowered and have control over how they learn. This sounds like a perfect andragogical approach but could have some disadvantages. We know that Bruner’s cognitivists approach to learning is basis on emphasizing active restructuring of knowledge through own experience of life. With this theory the learner draws on his/her own past experience and acknowledges new facts, relationships and truths. Students interact with the world by exploring; asking questions and interpretation what is relevant to the subject. I. e. when tackling new ideas the learner relies on the teacher to give them the correct answer, assuming the teacher is in their comfort zone. To allow learners to achieve this transformation is by working in groups which encourages them to socially interact with one another which will then lead to process of learning, As a result this method students may be more likely to remember the concept and knowledge discovered on their own. Another strategy often used in my classroom involves embedding questions, which allows the learners to find out the answers to the problem before setting their task. This may again relate to their personal experience. Often organising school trips (exhibition, real life theatre) can allow the learners to interact with real life situations. I allow for discussion/debates around specific questions relating to that topic that I have structured to initiate points that are relevant to their learning. These theories have made me think differently to my own practise in the way I plan my lessons, which methods of delivery I use as well as how I assess what types of learning has taken place. I teach in a secondary school environment, where the learners go thought a transition from KS3, KS4 KS5. The course is practical, but there are some elements of theoretical methods which gives learners the chance to demonstrate skills in a performance environment. I agree that planning for lesson is a strong area for me and my learners. As a result, I will always construct the delivery of my own teaching including the three learning domains. I found that the Bruner strategy had the most impact on my teaching from both a practical and professional point of view. This has enabled me to encourage my learner’s involvement by utilising these methods. It has now become a natural part of my lessons, which involves incorporating QA as well as discussions to assess that learning has taken place in the Affective domain. My confidence has developed as a result, as well as my learner’s needs and communication is now at an all time high in the classroom. These areas are now a massive part as to how I deliver a lesson, as well as ensuring that communication flows both ways. After conducting research into the theories of learning, I have realised there are some improvements that need be made. One of these involves giving my learners more freedom and responsibility with the answers, rather than prompting them. I believe this simple change can breed confidence and progress for both me and the learners. Bibliography Skinner, B. F (Reprint 2003). The Technology of Teaching. Cambridge, MA: B. F. Skinner Foundation Petty, G (Reprint 2009). A Practice Guide Teaching Today. N. Thornes Forth Edition Holt, J C 1923- 1985 (revised edition) Classics in child development Knowles, M. and Swanson R. A, The Adult Learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resources Harkin, J. , Turner, G. and Dawn, T. (2001). Teaching Young Adults. London, Routledge. Rogers. C and J. H Freiberg (Third Edition) Freedom to learn

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Write an academic report that is clear,concise & cohesive on the topic of THE IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE - Essay Example In most instances, language is defined as verbal behavior, including body movements and gestures (Campbell & Green, 2006). Language is an integral constituent of the human activity playing a central part in the experiences and events of daily life of humans. This essay explains the meaning of language, importance of language in communication, the importance of language in civilization and the importance of language to culture. Oral language is a skill acquired naturally by small children. However, early childhood development cannot be overstressed, but it is a platform, which enables children to read and write. Assigning a meaning to sentences and words involves interpretation, which is mainly influenced by an individual’s attitudes, topic knowledge and experiences. Therefore, during communication individuals arrive at different meanings during a conversation. The principal means of communication in any society is spoken language although written communication also plays a vital role (Fellowes & Oakley, 2010).Language can be expressed orally through a generation of speech, which facilitates speech through an employment of signs systematically. It is a complex physical process, which involves the use of the vocal tract in controlling and shaping moving air in various ways in order to produce sounds. A speech comprises of fluency, voice and articulation. Language is extremely an important way used by human beings to interact. Language is used to express the needs of individuals and ask others questions. Language is modified in every situation, for instance, the tone used to address children at home is different from the tone used in business meetings. In order to communicate effectively, individuals send a message comprising actions, words and gestures. Therefore, communication is two-way since the recipient is as important as the sender is (Gee & Hayes, 2011). Through language,

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Urinary Incontinence and Social Isolation Beverly Phelps Abstract Urinary incontinence is loss of bladder control, that one in every 25 million Americans deal with on a daily basis, and it can mean anything from a slight leak to complete inability to maintain control. (Chris Lliades, 2009) Discuss the social concerns associated with incontinence. What nursing interventions would be appropriate to assist a patient who is experiencing social isolation as a result of incontinence? Include community resources, as appropriate. Many women, at one stage of life or another, experience that annoying leakage of urine when their bladder is too full, and/or when laughing, running, jumping, or sneezing. For some it occurs after childbirth when all of those muscles down in the pelvic region are stretched out and recovering. For others, it occurs later in life with the change of hormones and loss of estrogen. There are three most common types of incontinence. Stress incontinence occurs when you put stress or pressure on your bladder with coughing, sneezing, or running. Urge incontinence happens when you have the immediate urge to urinate and can’t seem to hold it. Mixed is a combination of both. Urine is specifically kept in the bladder until you are ready to use the bathroom, however if the detrusor muscle and urethra aren’t behaving like they should, you leak. Improved My Health Changed My Life Saved My Life Research â€Å"suggests that 30 to 40 percent of women 60 years and older deal with incontin ence.† Risk factors include: pregnancy, multiple births, menopause, obesity, diabetes, certain autoimmune conditions, prolapse, abdominal surgery, diuretics, anxiety, and nerve damage to the mid-low back, bladder infections, overactive bladder, inability to urinate regularly when needed, and stimulants such as coffee/soda/chocolate. Evaluation by your health care provider, or a specialist called an Urogynecologic, often involves a full intake surrounding the situations in which you are incontinent, your history, medications, and pregnancy history. A vaginal physical exam is important to assess for proper anatomy and then testing may be needed such as a hormone testing, urinalysis (to look for infection), a bladder stress test, an ultrasound of your kidneys/bladder/ureters, or cystoscopy (a scope inside your bladder). Treatment depends on what they find. It may be something like pelvic floor physical therapy where you learn how to do a proper Kegel exercise and recruit all of y our muscles, not just the strong ones. It may require bladder retraining, hormone evaluation, weight loss coaching, or surgery in some cases (Jones, 2011) Psycho-Social Issues of Adult Incontinence Incontinence is not a disease but symptom of an underlying problems. Urinary incontinence is viewed as a hidden condition that is secreted by many and often feared due to loss of independence and quality of life. Often underreported Incontinence is associated with a social stigma. The stigma tends to be negative rather than positive. Many individuals are embarrassed to talk about the problem In North America incontinence is the major reason for nursing home placement. -Approximately 45-70% of residents in nursing home have incontinence. Urinary incontinence affects 15-30% in the community setting and affects up to 50% in long-term care. Only 25% of the population will discuss this problem with a provider. 60% of this individuals will avoid physical activity One study cited 2-64% had sexual dysfunction, and 28% will not seek treatment (Sue Reif, 2012) Easing the Emotional Effects of Urinary Incontinence Loss of bladder control can leave an individual constantly worried about embarrassing accidents. Managing urinary incontinence symptoms can help boost your confidence. (3) Urinary incontinence can have a major impact on your personal, social, and professional lives, especially when a loss of bladder control results in an embarrassing accident. â€Å"There can be significant social issues with urinary incontinence,† says Roger Dmochowski, MD, professor of urology at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn. â€Å"There’s fear of embarrassment and hygiene issues, and there can be withdrawal from normal social behavior. Some people can’t work because of this disruption. â€Å"Urinary incontinence emotional effects Doctors point out that the emotional effects of urinary incontinence can be as significant and far-reaching as those of any chronic condition. â€Å"Urinary incontinence has been shown to have a severe impact on quality of life, similar to other chronic diseases, such as Alzheimers disease, stroke, and emphysema,† says Leslie Rickey, MD, an urologist at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore. However, there are ways to manage urinary incontinence and boost confidence so that you can enjoy social activities again without worrying about embarrassing accidents. Urinary Incontinence: The Emotional Effects Worrying about loss of bladder control and embarrassing accidents causes many people with urinary incontinence to stop participating in everyday activities. â€Å"Many individuals, especially older people with urge incontinence, stop exercising or going out with friends and stay at home,† says Dr. Rickey. â€Å"Younger women may stop jogging, and women may stop gardening because squatting can be a problem. People stop traveling and swimming, and even start avoiding intercourse. â€Å"For many people with incontinence, engaging in certain activities involves a couple of obstacles. First, it’s a lo gistical challenge to manage the symptoms of urinary incontinence when you’re on the go, away from bathrooms, or doing an activity that puts pressure on your bladder. â€Å"Say it’s an older person who relies on a bus or a van and has no other way to get places,† says Rickey. For these people, not being able to get off the bus and to a bathroom can be a problem. Then there are the emotional concerns. The loss of bladder control can cause stress, anxiety, and embarrassment. (Sue Reif, 2012) Ways to Boost Confidence You can boost confidence about your condition by finding effective ways to manage the symptoms. â€Å"Techniques like timed voiding, not drinking too much fluid at once, doing pelvic floor muscle contractions — these can all help,† says Rickey. â€Å"You can also carry around a change of clothes and wear light pads. â€Å"Getting symptoms under control can help you carry on with your life with confidence. â€Å"Some individuals may have dramatic improvements and can re-embark on many activities,† says Dr. Dmochowski. These tips can help you manage the fears and anxieties of urinary incontinence: Don’t accept incontinence as inevitable. Many people think that urinary incontinence is a normal part of aging or childbearing, so they dont bother getting treatment for it. However, even though urinary incontinence is common, it is not normal, says Rickey. Don’t view your urinary incontinence as unchangeable. â€Å"There’s almost an acceptance of the condition, a fatal resignation,† says Dmochowski. â€Å"Instead of acceptance, consider aggressive management flip the negativity and create a positive-looking approach.† Changing your way of thinking will do even more than boost confidence, says Dmochowski. It will also help you better manage your urinary incontinence symptoms. Talk openly about your urinary incontinence with your doctor. Some people may simply feel too embarrassed about their loss of bladder control to discuss it with their doctor. It might be because they incorrectly believe that it can’t be treated. â€Å"People think that nothing can be done, or it can only be treated with intensive surgery,† says Rickey. â€Å"I reassure people that there are treatments.† It’s important to talk about your symptoms, especially with your health care provider. Don’t give up. Managing the loss of bladder control and learning how to handle embarrassing accidents is an ongoing proc ess. Urinary incontinence is a chronic condition not something that is cured after a few days of medication but there are many options available to you. â€Å"If one thing doesn’t work, keep trying different approaches,† advises Dmochowski. â€Å"We are continually finding new treatments, new types of drugs. 1.†Seek support. Talk about your urinary incontinence with your family and friends both to get support and to know you are not alone. Since an estimated 30 percent of women report an incidence of urine leakage at some point, it’s likely that someone you know has also experienced the problem, says Rickey. â€Å"It may not be what you talk about at the dinner table with the kids, but you must feel comfortable talking about it. 2.†Get the facts. â€Å"Go online and look up how common it is,† says Rickey. 3. â€Å"Do a little research.† Sites such as the American Urogynecologic Society’s Mypelvichealth.org are reliable sources of information. â€Å"You can gain confidence and get motivation to seek out help,† says Rickey. 4. â€Å"Don’t be embarrassed. â€Å"View your urinary incontinence as what it is, a chronic medical condition.† â€Å"It’s not something to be embarrassed about, any more than someone who has high blood pressure would be embarrassed,† Rickey says. No longer a taboo topic, urinary incontinence can and should be discussed openly, at least with your doctor, so that you can find the medical treatments that will help you better manage the condition and its emotional effects. (Lee, 2010) Bibliography Chris Lliades, M. (2009, August 31). Urinary Incontinence Resources. Retrieved from everyday health: http://www.everydayhealth.com/urinary-incontinence/incontinence-resources.aspx Jones, D. C. (2011, June 03). Experiencing Incontinence? Retrieved from Empow Her: http://www.empowher.com/urinary-incontinence/content/experiencing-incontinence Lee, K. (2010, August 03). Easing the Emotional Effects of Urinary Incontinence. Retrieved from http://www.everydayhealth.com/health-report/urinary-incontinence/emotional-effects-of-urinary-incontinence.aspx Sue Reif, M. C. (2012). Psycho-Social Issues of Adult Incontinence. Retrieved from Center for Connected Care: http://my.clevelandclinic.org/ccf/media/files/Digestive_Disease/woc-spring-symposium-2013/psycho-social-issues-related-to-incontinence.pdf